General information about the history of Turkey!
Hey everyone. I’m from Turkey and i live in Russia. I'll share information about history of Turkey in this article. This subject is quite deepest and longest. I must to warn you about Turkey shouldn’t be confused with the history of Turkish history! Because history of Turkey absolulitely different to TURKISH history. That’s why difficult it’s talking about all things. I will give information about general important history of Turkey. Are you ready? Let’s begin!
First of all, briefly i want to talking about history of Turks. The list of the states are as follows:
- Big Hun Empire,West Hun
Empire, European Hun Empire, White-Hun Empire, Göktürk Khanete, Avar Khanete, Hazar (Caspian) Khanete, Uygur (Uyghur) Khanete, Karahanlı State, Gazne State, Great Seljuk State, Harzemşahlar (Harzemshah) State, Golden Horde (Tatar-Turk)
State, Timur State, Babür (Mughal) Empire, Osmanlı (Ottoman) Empire and
Republic of Turkey!
The first Turks in history are
considered to be the ‘’Asian Hun State’’. But the Turkish name was first heard
with ‘’GÖKTÜRK (Gokturk) KHANETE’’. ATİLLA (Attila) is the biggest and best
known ruler of the European Hun Empire. Atilla who took over the state in 445,
was name as the ‘WHIP OF GOD’ among the Europeans with his dominate over Europe
and his compaigns. And also Attila, is a Turkish ruler who ruled Europe for
years and frightened the states from him.
‘Kürşad (Kurshad) uprising’; it
is mentioned as one of the first independence movements of the Turks. This
event is mentioned in Chinese sources as the revolt of someone named; ‘Chieh –
she – shuai’! Many state officials and members of the dynasty were chained
after the Gokturk State came under Chinese rule in 630. Chieh-she-shuai is a
descendant of Gokturk Khanete and is one of the foreign generals of China. This
period between 630-680 is expressed as a 50 years captivity of Turks! This man
planned to assasinate the Chinese emperor in 639 with 40 soldiers he gathered
to end the Gokturk captivity. He’s goal is mixing China by killing the emperor
and kidnapping members of the captive Gokturk dynasty to rebuild the Gokturk
State in ‘ÖTÜKEN’. That night almost a slaughter begins in the palace! Chieh-she-shuai
(Kürşad) and his men manage to resist the Chinese soldier more than anyone can
imagine. Briefly, Kürşad uprising is an indication that the principle of ‘THE
INDEPENDENCE OR DEATH’ of Turks has been preserved throughout history!
Anatolian Seljuk State:
He heard that in Turkey
everyone’s name but didn’t know who that someone is. ‘KUTALMIŞOĞLU SÜLEYMAN ŞAH
(Kutalmishoglu Suleyman Shah) or another words, the first Süleyman Şah is the
founder of the Anatolian Seljuk State. Briefly, Süleyman şah is the founder of
the Anatolian Seljuk State and ruled the state between 1075 to 1086. It is
rumured that he died on a horse in a war ‘AYN SEYLEM WAR’ in 1086.
Foundation of the Ottoman
Empire:
Osmanoğulları (sons of Osman –
historical name is Ottoman) Principality was founded in 1299 in Söğüt (Sogut)
and it is vicinity by Osman Bey (Mr. Osman). Briefly, the principality of Osman
oğulları was established 1299 and it won it is first victory against the
Byzantine in 1302 as a result of the battle of Koyunhisar. Ottoman Empire
hosted 36 sultans. But don’t worry, of course I am not going to make a long
list by typing 36 sultans here J
I will write for you only important sultans here:
- First sultan is 1.st Osman
(Mr. Osman) 1299-1326
- The first caliph is 1.st Selim
(Yavuz Sultan Selim)
- 1.st Süleyman, (Kanuni Sultan
Süleyman) who remained on the throne for the longest time with 46 years.
- 4.th Murad, who remained on
the throne as soon as possible with ‘93 DAYS’; 30 May 1876 to 31 August 1876.
- Abdulmecit the last caliph in
the Ottomans.
- Last sultan 6.th Mehmet
Vahdettin.
History of Turkey brief is the
process by which the present ‘Malazgirt War’ in 1071. First settlements were
Lonians and Persians in the paleolithic period. After Hellenistic period with
3rd Alexandros domination and fallowed by the Rome and Byzantine periods.
In the 11th century, the Big
Seljuk Empire settled in Anatolia and the dominated. The Anatolian Seljuks
which were dominated after the collapse of the Big Seljuk Empire, continued to
be the domination of this place until the Mongolian invasion in 1243.
A lot of Turkish principalities
are formed in this place after the Mongolian invasion. One of these
principalities are the ‘Ottomans’ (Ottoman Empire), dominated in Anatolia from
last years to the 13th century. After the 17th century started the decline
period of the Ottoman Empire.
After the first World war, the
Ottoman Empire collapsed because it lost the war. After their started
‘independence War’ against invading states and won. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is
founded ‘Republic of Turkey’ in 1923. Republic of Turkey continue present day
also.
Turkey is reborn with Atatürk’s
revolution. ‘Laicism’ is the best one of the Atatürk’s revolution. The other
revolutions are:
‘POLITICAL’ Revolutions:
- Abolition of the sultanate.
(01.11(november).1922)
- The proclamation of the
republic of Turkey. (29.10.1923)
- Abolition of the caliphate.
(03.03.1924)
‘SOCIAL’ Revolutions:
- ‘Giving women equal rights
with men’. (1926-1934)
‘This is the first of the
world’. Turkish women could now work, they had the right to vote and be
elected, so they could enter parliament. This is continue present day also.
- ‘Hat and dress revolution’. (25.11.1925)
With this revolution, women
started the wear modern clothes by getting rid of black sheets. Men started put
hats instead of fez.
-‘The surname Law’. (21.06.1934)
Turkish people didn’t have
surnames. They called with their father’s names along with their own names.
Every Turkish people taked a surname after this revolution.
- ‘Removing nicknames’.
(26.11.1934)
- ‘Acceptance of international
time and callender’. (1925)
‘LOW’ Revolutions:
- ‘Removed of ‘mecelle’ (This
Word is not translate to English. You can think like the heavy islamic laws of
the Ottoman). (1924-1937)
- ‘Acceptance of Turkish civil
law and transition to secular order’ (1924-1937)
Revolutions in ‘EDUCATION and
CULTURE’:
- ‘Unification of teaching’.
(03.03.1924)
- ‘Acceptance of new Turkish
letters’. (01.11.1928)
Removed of Arabic alphabet and
acceptance of Latin alphabet with new Turkish letters (03.11.1928).
- ‘Establishment of Turkish
Language and history institutions’. (1931-1932)
- ‘Organization of university
education and secularization of education’. (31.05.1933)
- ‘Innovations in fine arts’.
Revolutions in the field of
‘ECONOMY’:
- ‘Establishment of sample
farms’.
- ‘Establishment of industrial
organizations’.
- ‘Furnishing the country with
new roads’. (1933-1937)
‘CYPRUS EVENTS’:
1)
‘Bloody Christmas’:
Are events between Cyprus Turks
and Greeks (Rums). I don’t know why but till a lot of times fighting and
problems have. First event is ‘Bloody christmas’! But don’t confused in 1945,
this is another event.
In 20th or 21th december 1963
Greek people armed attack to Turks. Bloody christmas is called name this. This
is accepted to begin conflicts in the intercommunal fans.
In the first times 30, and then
(totaly) 103 villages exposed to the Greek attacks. In the ‘Küçük Kaymaklı’
village (Turkish village) of the Lefkoşa (a city of Cyprus) under the siege.
Armed attacks again in the Turkish houses and 9 people death.
‘Daily Herald’ came is Turkish
villages and said things:
- ‘I was terrified of the saw
Turkish houses. Out of the walls almost destroyed. I doubt that even a ‘napalm attack’
can cause such a great distruction’.
As the result; 364 Cyprus Turks
and 174 Cyprus Rums death in this events!
2)
‘Cyprus Peace Operation’
And also there was a lot of war
in history of Turkey. ‘Cyprus peace operation’ is the other Cyprus event. Greek
people are disturbed to Cyprus Turks still. Greek people are really hate to
Turkish people. I don’t know but this is truth!
In 1974 Turkish military start
an operation Cyprus from air and sea. The reason for about live in the Cyprus
Turks. Because all Turks no relax in there. When it came the Turkish tanks in
there, Turks would be happy and Greeks run aways their villages. Greeks
complain this but result not will be change.
Turkish military control this
area of %37. After Cyprus divide of South and North. North region of Turks and
the South region of Greeks. Their live as the areas too much times. Right now
is opened all doors. But just ‘Cyprus people’ opened.
‘THE MILITARY COUPS OF TURKEY’:
‘JUST IMPORTANT EVENTS’
‘27.05.1960’ Attack:
The Turkey order multi party (as
politic) in 1946. Firstly Political power first times lived no problems with
people, but this political power afterly lived some problems with the public.
Firstly college students complained this political power. This basicaly is the
reason to the path to Atatürk’s revolutions.
Indeed, the military
intervention broke out the night in 27.05.1960. İntervention planed by 37
military officers. The general took the
lead. President and prime minister are arrested. New constitution is accepted
in 1961. And also prime minister and and too much politics are sentenced to
death. The president was sentence to improsonment for life because he was
older.
‘1980’ Military intervention:
The problems are still cuntinued
in the country. Continued terror, anarchism and factors threatening national
security. Events were more aggravated by the execution of revolutionaries and
armed clashes had increased. Now a bomb exploted almost every day and
restaurants was fired. Right and left sighted college students attacked each
other at the universities.
Results, state administration
was regularly siezed by the Turkish army forces. All political parties closed
and constitution was lifted in 1961. Republic of Turkey a new constution was
designed to change the date in 1982. This constution goes to Turkey republic of
the past. Because, the rules of military order are strict.
‘THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF
TURKEY’
JUST IMPORTANT THINGS:
1945-1960 (POLITICAL) MULTI
PARTY ORDER:
An understanding defending the
political multi party system emergedin the press and parliament end of the
second World war. A lot of people stated that they complained about the one
party system. And then, an opposition occured.
In january 7, 1967 a new party
was form by a gruop of politicians. This party was argues to liberal regulations
in economy and politica and foreign investments supported. Republic of Turkey
was enter ‘NATO’ in 1952 after the soldiers sent in Korea in 1950.
‘KOREAN WAR AND TURKEY’:
The war was with South Korea and
North Korea between in 1950-1953. Turkey sent soldiers to Korea ‘’WITHOUT
PARLIAMENT’S APPROVAL’’!
The idea of sending soldiers to
Korea was seen as an opportunity to join ‘NATO’ against the increasing Soviet
Russia threat as per the current government policy. 5090 Turkish soldiers
participated in this war and Korean were most harmful from the war.
Korea was burned down and nearly
3 million people died. Approximately 36.000 of these are American, 600.000 are
Korean, 500.000 are Chinese soldiers.
‘THE WARS OF THE TURKEY’:
1)
Independence war: (1919-1923)
Allies: Ankara government,
Soviet Russia, Soviet Azerbaijan, Soviet Buhara, India Muslim Nation.
Opposites: Greece, Republic of
Pontus, French, Democratic Armenia, Great British, India, Democratic Georgia,
‘Istanbul government’, Italy.
Results: ‘Victory’! End of the
Ottoman Empire, Treathy of lousanne and establishment of the republic of
Turkey.
2)
Sheikh Said Riot: (1925)
Alies: Turkey.
Opposites: Sheikh Said
Result: ‘Victory’! The riot suppressed!
3)
Ağrı Riots: (1926-1930)
Turkey vs Republic of Ağrı.
Results: ‘Victory’! End of the Republic of Ağrı.
4)
Dersim Riots: (1937-1938)
Turrkey vs Dersim tribes.
Results: ‘Victory’! The riots suppressed!
5)
Korean war: (1950-1953)
Allies: Turkey, South Korea,
United Nations, USA, Great British.
Opposites: North Korea, China,
Soviet Unions.
Results: ‘Ceasefire’! Treathy of
Korea ceasefire.
6)
Cyprus Operation: (1974)
Allies: Turkey.
Opposites: Republic of Cyprus,
Greece.
Results: ‘Victory’! Established
of the North Cyprus Turkish Republic.
7)
Turkey – PKK (terror organization) Battles:
(1978-Present day)
Allies: Turkey.
Opposites: PKK, KCK, PJAK,
Kurdish democrat party/ North. (terror organizations all)
Result: ‘Continue’!
8)
Euphrates Shield Operation: (2016)
Allies: Turkey.
Opposites: Irak, Damask islamic
state.
Results: ‘Victory’!
9)
Olive Brach Operation: (2018)
Allies: Turkey, free Syrian army
from support Turks.
Opposites: Syrian democratic
forces, PYD, YPG, YPJ, KCK, Syria government.
Results: ‘Victory’!
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